Environmental footprints as indicators of sustainability. Where did they come from, and what do they mean?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35933/ENTECHO.2021.004Keywords:
Environmental footprints, ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, environmental indicatorsAbstract
With the growing severity of the environmental issues of today grows the demand for means to quantify and demonstrate the factors contributing to those problems. A common approach to depict the influence humans have on the environment are the footprint indicators. Although the term “footprint” is commonly used in the everyday discourse in mainstream media, it is rarely clear what this term means. Since the 1990s, there were presented many studies of environmental footprints, often based on very diverse principles and methods. The various definitions of footprint indicators and the various approaches to their quantification result in the current situation, when very different indicators and contrasting recommendations are often presented under the same name. The lack of understanding of the basic principles and methods can lead, on the one hand, to an uncritical acceptance of all such studies; on the other hand, the misunderstanding can lead to a complete rejection of the entire concept. The goal of this paper is to introduce the evolution and basic principles of the most prominent environmental footprints – i.e., ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, land footprint, material footprint and others, present the main discussion points regarding the character of environmental footprints, and outline the possibilities of the future development.
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