Management of used & end-of-life mobile phones
Keywords:
mobile phones, collection of electrowaste, electrowaste, End of LifeAbstract
The issue of the increasing amount of e-waste is a phenomenon of the 21st century. The typical representative of small electrical equipment is the mobile phone that belongs to the one of the biggest technological and worldwide used breakthrough for personal communication. The amount of EoL mobile phones is growing rapidly but only a small amount is recycled.
References
Bachér, J.; Mrotzek, A.; Wahlström, M., 2015. Mechanical pre-treatment of mobile phones and its effect on the Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs). Waste Management, Urban Mining 45, 235–245. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.009
Brunori, C.; Cafiero, L.; De Carolis, R.; Fontana, D.; Guzzinati, R.; Pietrantonio, M.; Pucciarmati, S.; Torelli, G. N.; Trinca, E.; Tuffi, R., 2015. Innovative technologies for metals recovery and plastic valorization from electric and electronic waste: An integrated approach. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 14, 1553–1562. http://www.eemj.icpm.tuiasi.ro/pdfs/vol14/no7/Full/9_1050_Brunori_14.pdf
Coulomb, R., Dietz, S., Godunova, M., Nielsen, T. B., 2015. Critical Minerals Today and in 2030. OECD Environment Working Papers (91). https://doi.org/10.1787/5jrtknwm5hr5-en
Crowe, M.; Elser, A.; Göpfert, B.; Mertins, L.; Meyer, T.; Schmid, J.; Spillner, A.; Ströbel, R., 2003. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment - quantities, dangerous substances and treatment methods (ETC/WMF report). European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.
Cui, J.; Forssberg, E., 2003. Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review. J. Hazard. Mater. 99(3), 243–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00061-X
Cui, J.; Zhang, L., 2008. Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review. J. Hazard. Mater. 158(2–3), 228–256. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.001
ČSÚ, 2013. Informační společnost v číslech: Česká republika a EU. Český statistický úřad, Praha.
Evropská komise, 2014. Sdělení Komise Evropskému Parlamentu, Radě, Evropskému a Sociálnímu Výboru a Výboru Regionů o přezkumu seznamu kritických surovin pro EU a o provádění iniciativy v oblasti surovin (No. COM/2014/0297 final). Brusel.
Hagelueken, C.; Thomas, C.; Cheret, D.; Salame, F.; Rice, G.; Straus, G.; Shields, G.; Margetson, G.; Castren, H.; Sinclair, I.; Rowley, J.; Bullock, J.; Scharp, M. P.; Hine, P.; Tonetti, R.; Bartley, R.; Burban, S.; Chiu, W.-L.; Catelin, M.; Myslicki, J., 2009. Mobile phone partnership initiative (MPPI) - Project 3.1: Guideline on Material Recovery and Recycling of End of Life Mobile Phones. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. http://archive.basel.int/industry/mppiwp/guid-info/guidmaterial.pdf
Chancerel, P.; Meskers, C. E. M.; Hagelüken, C.; Rotter, V. S.; 2009. Assessment of Precious Metal Flows During Preprocessing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Journal of Industrial Ecology 13(5), 791–810. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00171.x
Chatterjee, S.; 2012. Sustainable Electronic Waste Management and Recycling Process. American Journal of Environmental Engineering 2(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ajee.20120201.05
International Telecommunication Union, 2015. ICT Facts & Figures: The world in 2015. ICT Data and Statistics Division, ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau, Geneva.
Khaliq, A.; Rhamdhani, M. A.; Brooks, G.; Masood, S., 2014. Metal Extraction Processes for Electronic Waste and Existing Industrial Routes: A Review and Australian Perspective. Resources 3(1), 152–179. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources3010152
Makdisi, K., 2011. Basel Convention, in: Green Politics: An A-to-Z Guide. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412971867.n8
Maragkos, K. G.; Hahladakis, J. N.; Gidarakos, E., 2013. Qualitative and quantitative determination of heavy metals in waste cellular phones. Waste Management 33(9), 1882–1889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.05.016
Ministerstvo životního prostředí, 2008. Zpětný odběr výrobků. http://www.mzp.cz/cz/zpetny_odber_vyrobku
Navazo, J. M. V.; Méndez, G. V.; Peiró, L. T., 2014. Material flow analysis and energy requirements of mobile phone material recovery processes. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19(3), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0653-6
OECD, 2010. Materials Case Study 1: Critical Metals and Mobile Devices - ANNEXES (Working Document), OECD Global Forum On Environment Focusing on Sustainable materials management. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate.
Park, Y. J.; Fray, D. J., 2009. Recovery of high purity precious metals from printed circuit boards. Journal of Hazardous Materials 164(2), 1152– 1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.043
Polák, M., 2015. Materiálové toky a environmentální dopady malého elektroodpadu (Disertační práce). Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Praha.
Polák, M.; Drápalová, L., 2012. Estimation of end of life mobile phones generation: The case study of the Czech Republic. Waste Management 32(8), 1583–1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.028
Sawanishi, H.; Torihara, K.; Mishima, N., 2015. A Study on Disassemblability and Feasibility of Component Reuse of Mobile Phones. Procedia CIRP, 12th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing – Emerging Potentials 26, 740–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.090
Silveira, G. T. R.; Chang, S.-Y., 2010. Cell phone recycling experiences in the United States and potential recycling options in Brazil. Waste Management, Special Thematic Section: Sanitary Landfilling 30(11), 2278–2291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.011
Singhal, P., 2005. Life Cycle Environmental Issues of Mobile Phones (Stage I Final Report), Integrated Product Policy Pilot Project. Nokia Corporation, Espoo, Finland.
Soo, V. K.; Doolan, M., 2014. Recycling Mobile Phone Impact on Life Cycle Assessment. Procedia CIRP, 21st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering 15, 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.06.005
Street, L.; Gopaul, K.; Kumar, M.; Lu, C.; Hewit, A., 2016. Gold Demand Trends: Full Year 2015. World Gold Council, London.
Šebo, J.; Svetlík, J.; Fedorčáková, M.; Dobránsky, J., 2012. The comparison of performance and average costs of robotic and human based work station for dismantling. Acta Technica Corviniensis - Bulletin of Engineering 5(4), 67–70.
Thomson Reuters, 2015. World silver survey. Silver Institute, Washington, D. C.
Vats, M. C.; Singh, S. K.; 2015. Assessment of gold and silver in assorted mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs): Original article. Waste Management, Urban Mining 45, 280–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.002
Welfens, M. J.; Nordmann, J.; Seibt, A., 2016. Drivers and barriers to return and recycling of mobile phones. Case studies of communication and collection campaigns. Journal of Cleaner Production, Absolute Reductions in Material Throughput, Energy Use and Emissions 132, 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.082
Yadav, S.; Yadav, S.; Kumar, P., 2014. Metal toxicity assessment of mobile phone parts using Milli Q water. Waste Management 34(7), 1274–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.024
Yin, J.; Gao, Y.; Xu, H., 2014. Survey and analysis of consumers' behaviour of waste mobile phone recycling in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 65, 517–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.006
Yu, J.; Williams, E.; Ju, M., 2010. Analysis of material and energy consumption of mobile phones in China. Energy Policy 38(8), 4135–4141. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.041
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 ENTECHO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.